Stainless Steel 310 (SS 310) is a highly sought-after alloy in various industries due to its exceptional high-temperature and oxidation resistance. This austenitic stainless steel is commonly used in applications that demand high strength and durability under extreme conditions. In this blog, we will delve into the detailed chemical composition of SS 310, exploring each element’s contribution to its remarkable properties.
At Vision Alloys, SS 310 manufactures a wide range of high-quality products, including round bars, fasteners, washers, and many more. The company offers products that adhere to stringent quality standards, ensuring they meet the demanding requirements of various industries such as chemical processing, power generation, and oil & gas.
Chemical Components of SS 310
- Chromium (Cr): 24.0–26.0%Chromium is the most crucial element in SS 310, responsible for its outstanding oxidation resistance. The high chromium content forms a passive layer of chromium oxide on the surface, preventing further oxidation and corrosion. This protective layer makes SS 310 ideal for high-temperature environments, as it can withstand scaling at temperatures up to 1100°C (2012°F) in continuous service and up to 1035°C (1895°F) in intermittent service.
- Nickel (Ni): 19.0–22.0% Nickel plays a vital role in stabilizing the austenitic structure of SS 310, giving it excellent toughness and flexibility even at cryogenic temperatures. The substantial nickel content also enhances the alloy’s resistance to carburization and nitridation, making it suitable for use in atmospheres containing sulfur.
- Carbon (C): 0.25% (max)The carbon content in SS 310 is relatively high compared to other stainless steels. This higher carbon level contributes to the alloy’s strength and hardness, particularly at elevated temperatures. However, if not heat-treated, the material can also be susceptible to sensitization and intergranular corrosion.
- Manganese (Mn): 2.0% (max) Manganese Manganese improves the hot working properties of SS 310 and increases its toughness. It also acts as a deoxidizer during the steel-making process, helping to remove oxygen impurities and enhance the alloy’s quality.
- Silicon (Si): 1.50% (max) Silicon is added to SS 310 to improve oxidation resistance, particularly in the presence of sulfur gases. It also enhances the alloy’s high-temperature strength and resistance to carburization.
- Phosphorus (P): 0.045% (max)Phosphorus is an impurity in stainless steel, and its content is kept low to maintain the material’s toughness and corrosion resistance. High phosphorus levels can lead to brittleness and reduced flexibility.
- Sulfur (S): 0.030% (max)Like phosphorus, sulfur is considered an impurity in stainless steel. It is kept at minimal levels to avoid compromising the alloy’s mechanical properties. High sulfur content can lead to reduced weldability and increased susceptibility to hot cracking.
- Iron (Fe): BalanceThe balance of the composition is made up of iron, which forms the base element of SS 310. Iron’s presence is crucial for maintaining the structural integrity of the alloy and facilitating the desired metallurgical properties.
Trace Elements
In addition to the primary components, SS 310 may contain trace amounts of other elements, such as molybdenum, copper, and nitrogen. These trace elements can further influence the alloy’s properties, enhancing characteristics like corrosion resistance and mechanical strength. However, their presence is typically minimal and controlled to maintain the alloy’s consistency and performance.
SS 310 stainless steel’s unique chemical composition makes it a versatile and reliable material for high-temperature applications. Its high chromium and nickel content provides excellent oxidation and corrosion resistance, while the controlled levels of carbon, Manganese, Silicon, phosphorus, and sulfur ensure mechanical strength and durability. Understanding the intricate balance of these elements is essential for selecting SS 310 in various industrial applications, from furnace parts to chemical processing equipment.
